Fitting wheels to a car is not difficult, but this does not mean that caution is not required. A key issue when mounting the wheels is the torque of the wheel bolts. How tight do they need to be in order to hold the hub securely while avoiding damage? You can learn all about it in this article.
A torque wrench is essential if you want to check the tightening torque of the wheel.
Every driver may find themselves in a situation where a wheel must be removed and refitted. Even if one has all their maintenance done in a workshop, there is still the risk of damaging a tyre on the road and having to fit a spare wheel. In such cases, it is important to remember, among other things, the correct sequence for fixing the bolts. How much force one uses to tighten the wheels is also vital, as the use of either too much or too little power can result in hazardous situations when driving.
Removing the wheels may also be necessary to clean them properly. If you're planning to wash your wheels, check out our article:Cleaning alloy wheels – cleaners and home solutions (guide)
Wheel torque – why is it so important?
The force used to tighten the wheels on a car is an extremely important aspect that, sadly, is ignored by many people. This applies not only to drivers themselves but often to tyre service technicians as well. Often, service technicians only focus on how to change a tyre step by step while treating wheel tightening as routine. However, the strength with which the bolts are tightened has a significant impact on our safety and that of other road users.
Putting insufficient or excessive force into this task can result in various dangerous consequences. For this reason, it is worth being mindful of what torque you use to tighten car wheel bolts during seasonal re-fitting or other service work.
Insufficient wheel tightening force
If too little force is applied when tightening the wheels, you may experience a vibrating steering wheel when driving and have difficulty maintaining proper traction. This will significantly reduce driving comfort, especially on long journeys. If these seemingly minor issues are ignored, there is a risk of something much more serious happening, such as the bolts loosening and then slipping out or breaking, causing the wheel to fall off. It is easy to imagine how dangerous such a situation would be, especially when driving at high speeds, e.g. on a motorway.
Even if the wheel does not fall off, its uneven operation can damage sensitive systems in the car or the sensors for systems such as ABS or ESP.
Bolting the wheel with an air wrench should only be regarded as a preliminary step.
Over-tightening of bolts
A similar risk is associated with the over-tightening of wheel bolts. Though rare, using a force higher than that recommended by the manufacturer can damage the threads. As a result, the entire bolt structure will be significantly weakened. There is therefore a risk that, while driving, the wheel will break off the bolts when rotating at a high speed and will fall off.
A less dangerous but very troublesome consequence of applying too much torque is the problem of having to unscrew the wheels afterwards. This will be particularly cumbersome on the road when you only have access to compact tools such as short spanners without extensions.
How do you know how much force to apply to tighten the wheels?
Many people wonder where to get information on how many newton metres (Nm) they should use to tighten their wheels. The safest solution is to check the values recommended by the vehicle manufacturer. This can be found, for example, in the vehicle owner's manual.
However, if you have bought a used car and have not received all the factory documentation from the previous driver, do not worry. In most cases, all the necessary information can be found on the manufacturer's website.
If you have any doubts, it is also worth contacting the car manufacturer's customer service, where you should receive all the details of the car model you own.
Tightening torques for wheel bolts – table
To illustrate the differences in terms of how much torque should be applied to wheels on different vehicles, here is a table created by the well-known Continental brand. It lists car manufacturers as well as specific models. The table shows the torques for both steel and aluminium wheels. Please note, however, that it is always necessary to check the values specified by the manufacturers of the vehicle and the wheels mounted on it, and that it is these values that should be used when tightening the wheels.
Table of bolt tightening torques
Make Model Steel wheel (Nm) Alloy wheel (Nm) Alfa Romeo Mito,Giuletta 90 120 147, 156,166, Spider / GTV do 2006 r. 100 100 159, Brera / Spider 120 120 GT 84 100 Audi All types (excluding*) 120 120 *RS 2 130 130 *RS 4 (8D), A6 / A8 (Security), S8 (4E) 140 140 *Q3, Q5 140 140 *Q7 160 160 BMW All types (excluding*) 140 140 *1,3 Coupe/Cabrio (E92/93), Z4, X1 120 120 Cadillac BLS, SRX 110 - CTS, STS 120 - Chevrolet Matiz 100 100 Epica 110 110 Kalos, Spark, Nubira, Lacetti 120 120 Aveo od 2011 r., Captiva, Cruze, Orlando, Trax, Volt 140 140 Chrysler All types (excluding*) 135 135 *300C, SRT8/Touring 150 150 *Crossfire, SRT6/Roadster 110 110 Citroën All types (excluding*) 100 100 *C2, DS3, C4 do 2011r., DS4, C5 do 2008r. Xsara, Nemo 90 90 Dacia All types (excluding*) 105 - *Dokker, Duster, Lodgy 110 - Daihatsu All types 110 110 Dodge Avenger 135 - Caliber 125 - Nitro 150 - Journey 130 - Fiat All types (excluding*) 90 98 *Idea, Stilo 98 98 *Punto, Grande Punto, Croma od 2005r, Ulysse 110 110 *Freemont 135 - Ford Ka, Fiesta, Fusion 100 100 Focus, Mondeo, C-Max 110 110 Tourneo, Ranger 120 120 Kuga, Grand C-Max, Maverick 130 130 B-Max, Ecosport 135 135 Galaxy, S-Max 160 160 Honda All types 108 108 Hyundai All types 100 100 Isuzu All types 118 118 Jaguar All types (excluding*) 125 125 *X-Type 80 103 *S-Type - 128 Jeep Compass, Patriot 120 - Wrangler 130 - Cherokee 135 - Grand Cherokee 140 - Kia All types (excluding*) 110 110 *Carnival, Sorento 130 130 Lancia Y, Delta, Musa 86 98/100/120 Kappa, Thesis 98 98 Phedra, Zeta 100 100 Thema 150 - Voyager 160 - Land Rover All types (excluding*) 140 - *Defender 105 - *Freelander od 2006r, Range Rover Evoque 133 - Lexus All types 103 103 Mazda All types (excluding*) 103 103 *CX-5, 3 od 2013r., 6 od 2013 r. 128 - *MX-5 98 98 Mercedes-Benz A, B, C, CLA, CLS, E, SL, SLS, G 130 130 S, CL, R, M, GL, GLK 150 150 CLC, SLK 110 110 Mini All types 140 140 Mitsubishi All types (excluding*) 108 108 *Pajero, Pajero Sport 120 120 *L200 135 - Nissan Pixo, Cube 85 - Micra, Tiida, Juke, 370 Z, Murano, X-Trail 108 - Note 105 - Leaf 112 - Qashqai, Pathfinder 113 - Patrol 133 - Opel/Vauxhall All types (excluding*) 110 110 *Agila 100 100 *Ampera, Antara, Astra od 2010r., GT, Mokka, Zafira 140 140 Insignia 150 150 Peugeot All types (excluding*) 100 100 *206, 307/CC, 407, 607 90 90 *4008, 807, Expert 110 110 *508 120 120 Porsche All types (excluding*) - 130 *Cayenne, Macan, Panamera - 160 Renault All types (excluding*) 110 110 *Clio, Twingo 105 105 *Fluence, Grand Scenic 130 130 *Laguna, Latitude 160 160 Saab 9-3, 9-5 110 110 Seat All types (excluding*) 120 120 *Mii 110 - Alhambra do 2010r. 170 170 Alhambra od 2010 r. 140 - Skoda All types (excluding*) 120 120 *Citigo 110 110 Smart All types 110 110 Ssang Yong Korando, Musso 130 - Kyron, Rodius 140 - Subaru All types (excluding*) 100 100 *Trezla 110 110 *BRZ, B9 Tribeca, WRX 120 120 Suzuki All types (excluding*) 90 90 *Ignis, Swift, SX4 95 95 *Jimny, Grand Vitara 110 110 Toyota All types (excluding*) 110 110 *Avensis od 2009 r. 135 135 *GT86, Hilux 120 120 *Land Cuiser 130 130 Volvo C30, S40, V40, V50, C70 110 110 S60, V70, S80, XC60, XC70, XC90 140 140 VW All types (excluding*) 120 120 *Up 110 - *Tiguan, Sharan od 2010r. 140 140 Sharan, T4 170 170 *Touareg, T5, Amarok 180 180 *Also note any recommendations of the wheel manufacturers
*Source: https://blobs.continental-tires.com/www8/servlet/blob/1080706/71cfb5154e939befc74980e98145e9a3/download-torque-settings-data.pdf. Data from 2015
Essential tools – tightening wheels with a torque wrench
Appropriate tools are required to fit the wheel. Initial bolt tightening can be performed with basic tools such as a hand spanner. A pneumatic tool is also ideal, as it makes the process much quicker and easier.
There is a good reason why this type of accessory is used at fitting stations, where the staff tries to serve customers as quickly as possible in order to manage the queues that are a common occurrence at the beginning of the summer and winter seasons.
Did you know that...?
Apart from the tools, the nuts and bolts for the wheels are also extremely important. If for some reason you must do without the factory ones, it is essential to ensure that the new ones also meet the necessary standards. This applies not only to the material of which they are made but also to their shape and length.
It is important to know that only a torque wrench will ensure that the car wheels are properly tightened. This is what should be used for the final tightening of the wheel, which is unfortunately often forgotten.
Although the name of this tool may imply that it is complicated, its operation is extremely simple. Simply set the amount of Nm with which you want to tighten the bolt. This will allow the mechanism in the tool to loosen and give way when the desired torque is reached.
Remember!
A torque wrench is only used when fitting wheels to be sure of the tightness of the wheel on the car. When you want to remove the wheel, use a normal hand spanner or a pneumatic one. Using a tool with a torque-controlling mechanism to loosen bolts could damage the tool. You should also remember to always reset the setting of the tool after you have finished working with it.
Correct wheel tightening technique
It is also worth mentioning that apart from the correct wheel tightening torque, the correct technique is also important. Fortunately, it is not difficult at all.
After the wheel has been placed on the hub, insert the mounting bolts and then gradually tighten them diagonally (this depends on the design of the car wheel and its parameters – in the case of an odd number, e.g. in a 5x100 bolt pattern, tighten the opposite bolts alternately). This will ensure that the pressure is evenly distributed and that each fixing point receives a similar load. This will translate into the perfect alignment and smooth rotation of the wheels.
If you want to learn how to safely change a wheel on your car, check out our guide:How to change a wheel on your car?
