Leverage Amplifies Gains and Losses — and Expectations - dummies (2024)

Leverage refers to the multiple applied to your available margin collateral, which translates into the maximum size of your market position. Leverage is typically expressed as a multiplier rate (like 10 times or 20 times) or a ratio (like 10:1 or 20:1). If the leverage rate is 10-times/ratio is 10:1, for example, and you have $1,000 of available margin, you’re able to hold a maximum position equal to $10,000.

Online currency trading firms typically offer higher leverage ratios than you may be familiar with from trading stocks on margin. Leverage ratios among currency brokers are typically on the order of 100:1 for standard-size accounts (100,000 trade-lot size) and 200:1 for mini-accounts (10,000 trade-lot size).

Recent regulatory changes around the world have limited maximum leverage ratios to lower levels, such as 20:1 in Hong Kong or 50:1 in the United States, which is more than sufficient for individual traders.

Be wary of forex brokerage firms that offer super-sized leverage. Some offerings are up to 400-times leverage, or 400:1. You are strongly discouraged from employing that much leverage. As well, regulatory limits on leverage have seen some traders go jurisdiction shopping, looking for the highest leverage available, but ending up in dodgy locales that may carry additional risks.

Leverage is a great trading tool, allowing traders with less capital to participate in markets that they couldn’t trade otherwise. But leverage is still just a tool. As with any other tool (think of a chainsaw here), if you learn how to use it properly, you’ll be able to get the job done faster and easier. But if you don’t learn how it works, and respect it, you’re asking for trouble.

Most people see only the upside benefits of leverage — the larger the position on a profitable trade, the larger the profit, right? Yes, leverage will magnify your gains, but it’ll also magnify your losses — the larger the position on a losing trade, the larger the loss you’ll experience. You need to have a healthy respect for the downside risk in trading, or you won’t last very long.

Take an example of a $100,000/lot-size account with $10,000 in initial margin deposited at a 50:1 leverage ratio. That margin balance translates into a maximum position size of $500,000, or five lots. If you were to take a position in USD/JPY at 90.00 using the maximum position size available, every pip change in USD/JPY is worth about $55.55 ([$500,000 x 0.01 pips] / 90.00 = $55.55).

But USD/JPY is regularly subject to 50- to 100-pip price swings in a single day (or more). If you’re positioned the wrong way, you could lose around $2,778 to $5,555 in the course of a normal, run-of-the-mill trading day. That’s about 28 percent to 55 percent of your trading capital in just one trade!

The key here is to avoid being seduced by leverage. Just because you’re able to get 100:1 leverage doesn’t mean you have to use it all. Trading a larger position may seem sexy, but no one ever said prudent, risk-aware trading was supposed to be sexy. Use leverage as a tool to facilitate your trading strategies, not as an ego booster.

About This Article

This article is from the book:

About the book authors:

Paul Mladjenovic is a renowned certified financial planner and investing consultant. He has authored six editions of the bestselling Stock Investing For Dummies and is frequently interviewed by media outlets including MarketWatch, Kitco, OANN, and more.

Paul Mladjenovic is a national speaker, a consultant, and the author of Stock Investing For Dummies, High-Level Investing For Dummies, and Investing in Gold and Silver For Dummies. He was a Certified Financial Planner during 1985–2021, and he was a financial and business educator for over 40 years. He is the CEO of RavingCapitalist.com.

Paul Mladjenovic is a national speaker, a consultant, and the author of Stock Investing For Dummies, High-Level Investing For Dummies, and Investing in Gold and Silver For Dummies. He was a Certified Financial Planner during 1985–2021, and he was a financial and business educator for over 40 years. He is the CEO of RavingCapitalist.com.

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Leverage Amplifies Gains and Losses — and Expectations  - dummies (2024)

FAQs

How does leverage amplify gains? ›

Leverage is the strategy of using of borrowed money to increase investment power. An investor borrows money to make an investment, and the investment's gains are used to pay back the loan. Leverage can magnify potential returns, but it also amplifies potential losses.

How does leverage work for dummies? ›

For example, if you decide to use leverage when trading stocks or shares, you can buy an increased amount of shares. So, with a leverage of 10:1, your money is amplified 10 times, if it is 30:1, then your exposure is amplified by 30 times, and so on.

What happens when leverage increases? ›

This ratio indicates that the higher the degree of financial leverage, the more volatile earnings will be. Since interest is usually a fixed expense, leverage magnifies returns and EPS. This is good when operating income is rising, but it can be a problem when operating income is under pressure.

Does the use of leverage magnify the potential losses you can make on CFDs? ›

Leveraged products, like spread betting and CFDs, magnify your potential profits and losses.

What is leverage in simple words? ›

to use something that you already have in order to achieve something new or better: We can gain a market advantage by leveraging our network of partners. SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases.

Can leverage magnify my trading gain and loss? ›

As a result, leverage magnifies the returns from favorable movements in a currency's exchange rate. However, leverage is a double-edged sword, meaning it can also magnify losses. It's important that forex traders learn how to manage leverage and employ risk management strategies to mitigate forex losses.

How do you explain leverage to a child? ›

If you have leverage, you hold the advantage in a situation or the stronger position in a contest, physical or otherwise. The lever is a tool for getting more work done with less physical force. With the right leverage, you might be able to lift a heavy box.

How do you use leverage for beginners? ›

As a beginner trader, it is crucial to start with low leverage. This will help you to limit your losses and learn how to manage your risk effectively. A good rule of thumb is to start with leverage of 1:10 or lower. This means that for every $1,000 in your trading account, you can control a position worth $10,000.

Why is leverage so risky? ›

Leverage can multiply your losses every bit as much as it can multiply your profits – which makes it a risky tool. But that doesn't necessarily mean you should avoid it altogether. Next, we'll look at how you can handle leverage sensibly.

How does leverage increase losses? ›

However, when the leverage you use is so high that the margin supporting your trade is less than 10x to 20x your costs, your probability of losing begins to increase very rapidly. This is because costs eat away at the supporting margin, leading to a high probability of being closed out.

How does leverage affect profit and loss? ›

Does Leverage Affect Your Unrealized P&L? The answer is no. On Bybit, the main function of applying leverage is to determine the initial margin rate required to open your position, and selecting higher leverage does not directly amplify your profits.

Does leverage increase expected return? ›

This note tries to answer that question. How does one look for the required return on equity, to use to discount the cash flows in a project? Leverage (debt) increases the expected rate of return on the equity.

Does leverage magnifies both gains and losses? ›

Leverage typically magnifies the total return of a fund's portfolio, whether that return is positive or negative, and creates an opportunity for increased common share net income as well as the possibility of higher volatility for the fund's net asset value, market price, and distributions and returns.

Why is CFD trading illegal in the US? ›

CFDs are illegal in the US because they are an over-the-counter (OTC) trading product. OTC trading products aren't listed on regulated exchanges like the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), bypassing US regulatory bodies. However, US traders have alternatives such as forex, options and stocks.

Can you lose more than you put in with leverage? ›

Using leverage can result in much higher downside risk, sometimes resulting in losses greater than your initial capital investment. On top of that, brokers and contract traders often charge fees, premiums, and margin rates and require you to maintain a margin account with a specific balance.

How leverage amplifies returns? ›

Leverage refers to using debt (borrowed funds) to amplify returns from an investment or project. Companies can use leverage to invest in growth strategies. Some investors use leverage to multiply their buying power in the market.

How does leverage affect your profit? ›

It gives you the flexibility to take significant positions on key markets without tying up excessive amounts of capital, and magnifies the size of any profits you might make. However, leverage can be dangerous. If you are wrong about a trade, it acts to magnify your losses.

Why does leverage increase strength? ›

Because the smaller the distance between the intersection and the joint (load arm) and the longer the lever (power arm), the greater the cutting force or the higher the lever ratio.

How does leverage increase firm value? ›

Finally, leverage may also have a positive effect on firm value provided that a firm with a higher free cash flow, a higher corporate rate or a higher inflation, is able to properly capitalize on the resultant opportunities.

References

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